Roman armies were known for being excellent in battle – they used their weapons well, they worked well as a team and they nearly always defeated their enemies.One famous military commander was Julius Caesar. The Romans had already won a lot of land through battles when Rome was a Republic.It was a time of great prosperity for the Romans. The first 200 years of Roman Empire is called the Pax Romana, which means ‘Roman peace’.Rome had a mix of very good emperors, like Augustus, and very bad emperors, like Nero.The Roman Empire began in 27 BC, and after that single emperors ruled, one after the other, until their deaths.Rome was a republic before it became an empire – it was governed in a different way, and had rulers that were elected through votes.This meant that Roman culture had a huge influence on other cultures, and it’s why finding Roman artefacts (like coins), and ruins of Roman walls and buildings (like Hadrian’s Wall) is so common in the British Isles today. The Romans got this land mostly by fighting battles with other groups of people, like the Celts in Britain – when the Romans won, they’d get more territory to add to the Empire. This was called the Roman Empire, and it covered large parts of land all around the Mediterranean Sea – and even part of Great Britain. The ancient Romans were based in Rome in Italy, but they ruled over land that stretched far beyond the borders of Rome.
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